Predicting the future motion of road agents is a critical task in an autonomous driving pipeline. In this work, we address the problem of generating a set of scene-level, or joint, future trajectory predictions in multi-agent driving scenarios. To this end, we propose FJMP, a Factorized Joint Motion Prediction framework for multi-agent interactive driving scenarios. FJMP models the future scene interaction dynamics as a sparse directed interaction graph, where edges denote explicit interactions between agents. We then prune the graph into a directed acyclic graph (DAG) and decompose the joint prediction task into a sequence of marginal and conditional predictions according to the partial ordering of the DAG, where joint future trajectories are decoded using a directed acyclic graph neural network (DAGNN). We conduct experiments on the INTERACTION and Argoverse 2 datasets and demonstrate that FJMP produces more accurate and scene-consistent joint trajectory predictions than non-factorized approaches, especially on the most interactive and kinematically interesting agents. FJMP ranks 1st on the multi-agent test leaderboard of the INTERACTION dataset.

3D对象检测是自动驾驶的重要组成部分，深层神经网络（DNNS）已达到此任务的最新性能。但是，深层模型臭名昭著，因为将高置信度得分分配给分布（OOD）输入，即未从训练分布中得出的输入。检测OOD输入是具有挑战性的，对于模型的安全部署至关重要。已经针对分类任务进行了广泛研究OOD检测，但是它尚未对对象检测任务，特别是基于激光雷达的3D对象检测的注意力。在本文中，我们关注基于激光雷达的3D对象检测的OOD输入的检测。我们制定了OOD输入对于对象检测的含义，并提议适应几种OOD检测方法进行对象检测。我们通过提出的特征提取方法来实现这一目标。为了评估OOD检测方法，我们开发了一种简单但有效的技术，用于为给定的对象检测模型生成OOD对象​​。我们基于KITTI数据集的评估表明，不同的OOD检测方法具有检测特定OOD对象​​的偏差。它强调了联合OOD检测方法的重要性以及在这个方向上进行更多研究。

自我监督学习（SSL）是一种新兴技术，已成功地用于培训卷积神经网络（CNNS）和图形神经网络（GNNS），以进行更可转移，可转换，可推广和稳健的代表性学习。然而，很少探索其对自动驾驶的运动预测。在这项研究中，我们报告了将自学纳入运动预测的首次系统探索和评估。我们首先建议研究四项新型的自我监督学习任务，以通过理论原理以及对挑战性的大规模argoverse数据集进行运动预测以及定量和定性比较。其次，我们指出，基于辅助SSL的学习设置不仅胜过预测方法，这些方法在性能准确性方面使用变压器，复杂的融合机制和复杂的在线密集目标候选优化算法，而且具有较低的推理时间和建筑复杂性。最后，我们进行了几项实验，以了解为什么SSL改善运动预测。代码在\ url {https://github.com/autovision-cloud/ssl-lanes}上开源。

尽管使用深神经网络（DNN）的基于人工智能的感知（AIP）接近人类水平的表现，但其众所周知的局限性是对自主应用所需的安全保证的障碍。这些包括对对抗性输入的脆弱性，无法处理新的输入和无解释性。在解决这些局限性方面的研究中，在本文中，我们认为需要一种根本不同的方法来解决它们。受到人类认知的双重过程模型的启发，其中1型思维是快速且无意识的，而2型思维则缓慢并且基于有意识的推理，我们为安全AIP提出了双重过程体系结构。我们回顾了有关人类如何解决最简单的非平凡感知问题，图像分类的研究，并为此任务绘制相应的AIP体系结构。我们认为，这种体系结构可以提供一种系统的方法来解决使用DNNS的AIP局限性，并可以保证人类水平的绩效及以后的方法。最后，我们讨论了现有工作可能已经解决了哪些架构的组成部分以及未来的工作。

安全保证是自动驾驶（AD）系统发展和社会接受（AD）系统的核心问题。感知是广告的关键方面，严重依赖机器学习（ML）。尽管基于ML的组件的安全性有已知的挑战，但最近已经提出针对解决这些组件的单位安全案例的建议。不幸的是，AD安全案例在系统级别上表示安全要求，这些努力缺少将安全性要求与单位级别的组件性能要求整合在一起所需的关键链接参数。在本文中，我们提出了感知的集成安全案例（ISCAP），这是针对专门针对感知组件量身定制的这种链接安全参数的通用模板。该模板采用演绎且形式上的方法来定义级别之间强大的可追溯性。我们通过详细的案例研究证明了ISCAP的适用性，并讨论了其作为支持感知成分增量发展的工具的使用。

Vision transformers have emerged as powerful tools for many computer vision tasks. It has been shown that their features and class tokens can be used for salient object segmentation. However, the properties of segmentation transformers remain largely unstudied. In this work we conduct an in-depth study of the spatial attentions of different backbone layers of semantic segmentation transformers and uncover interesting properties. The spatial attentions of a patch intersecting with an object tend to concentrate within the object, whereas the attentions of larger, more uniform image areas rather follow a diffusive behavior. In other words, vision transformers trained to segment a fixed set of object classes generalize to objects well beyond this set. We exploit this by extracting heatmaps that can be used to segment unknown objects within diverse backgrounds, such as obstacles in traffic scenes. Our method is training-free and its computational overhead negligible. We use off-the-shelf transformers trained for street-scene segmentation to process other scene types.

Network models are an essential block of modern networks. For example, they are widely used in network planning and optimization. However, as networks increase in scale and complexity, some models present limitations, such as the assumption of markovian traffic in queuing theory models, or the high computational cost of network simulators. Recent advances in machine learning, such as Graph Neural Networks (GNN), are enabling a new generation of network models that are data-driven and can learn complex non-linear behaviors. In this paper, we present RouteNet-Fermi, a custom GNN model that shares the same goals as queuing theory, while being considerably more accurate in the presence of realistic traffic models. The proposed model predicts accurately the delay, jitter, and loss in networks. We have tested RouteNet-Fermi in networks of increasing size (up to 300 nodes), including samples with mixed traffic profiles -- e.g., with complex non-markovian models -- and arbitrary routing and queue scheduling configurations. Our experimental results show that RouteNet-Fermi achieves similar accuracy as computationally-expensive packet-level simulators and it is able to accurately scale to large networks. For example, the model produces delay estimates with a mean relative error of 6.24% when applied to a test dataset with 1,000 samples, including network topologies one order of magnitude larger than those seen during training.

This paper proposes the use of an event camera as a component of a vision system that enables counting of fast-moving objects - in this case, falling corn grains. These type of cameras transmit information about the change in brightness of individual pixels and are characterised by low latency, no motion blur, correct operation in different lighting conditions, as well as very low power consumption. The proposed counting algorithm processes events in real time. The operation of the solution was demonstrated on a stand consisting of a chute with a vibrating feeder, which allowed the number of grains falling to be adjusted. The objective of the control system with a PID controller was to maintain a constant average number of falling objects. The proposed solution was subjected to a series of tests to determine the correctness of the developed method operation. On their basis, the validity of using an event camera to count small, fast-moving objects and the associated wide range of potential industrial applications can be confirmed.

Causal deep learning (CDL) is a new and important research area in the larger field of machine learning. With CDL, researchers aim to structure and encode causal knowledge in the extremely flexible representation space of deep learning models. Doing so will lead to more informed, robust, and general predictions and inference -- which is important! However, CDL is still in its infancy. For example, it is not clear how we ought to compare different methods as they are so different in their output, the way they encode causal knowledge, or even how they represent this knowledge. This is a living paper that categorises methods in causal deep learning beyond Pearl's ladder of causation. We refine the rungs in Pearl's ladder, while also adding a separate dimension that categorises the parametric assumptions of both input and representation, arriving at the map of causal deep learning. Our map covers machine learning disciplines such as supervised learning, reinforcement learning, generative modelling and beyond. Our paradigm is a tool which helps researchers to: find benchmarks, compare methods, and most importantly: identify research gaps. With this work we aim to structure the avalanche of papers being published on causal deep learning. While papers on the topic are being published daily, our map remains fixed. We open-source our map for others to use as they see fit: perhaps to offer guidance in a related works section, or to better highlight the contribution of their paper.

The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put healthcare systems worldwide to their limits, resulting in increased waiting time for diagnosis and required medical assistance. With chest radiographs (CXR) being one of the most common COVID-19 diagnosis methods, many artificial intelligence tools for image-based COVID-19 detection have been developed, often trained on a small number of images from COVID-19-positive patients. Thus, the need for high-quality and well-annotated CXR image databases increased. This paper introduces POLCOVID dataset, containing chest X-ray (CXR) images of patients with COVID-19 or other-type pneumonia, and healthy individuals gathered from 15 Polish hospitals. The original radiographs are accompanied by the preprocessed images limited to the lung area and the corresponding lung masks obtained with the segmentation model. Moreover, the manually created lung masks are provided for a part of POLCOVID dataset and the other four publicly available CXR image collections. POLCOVID dataset can help in pneumonia or COVID-19 diagnosis, while the set of matched images and lung masks may serve for the development of lung segmentation solutions.